{"id":8034,"date":"2025-06-26T22:33:22","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T22:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/?p=8034"},"modified":"2026-07-02T10:36:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T16:36:00","slug":"cobertura-financiera-gas-natural","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/natural-gas-financial-hedging\/","title":{"rendered":"Cobertura financiera de gas natural M\u00e9xico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La cobertura financiera para gas natural en M\u00e9xico es la capa operativa que convierte la volatilidad de precio en costo predecible. Los instrumentos van desde swaps simples hasta collares de varias patas, y la elecci\u00f3n correcta depende del perfil de exposici\u00f3n del comprador, su tolerancia presupuestal y su setup contable. Este post cubre las estructuras pr\u00e1cticas usadas por compradores industriales mexicanos. Para el marco estrat\u00e9gico m\u00e1s amplio que incluye selecci\u00f3n de \u00edndice, timing y el caso por cubrir en s\u00ed mismo, la <a href=\"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/cobertura-gas-natural-hsc-waha-mexico\/\">gu\u00eda de cobertura de gas natural para M\u00e9xico<\/a> ofrece el panorama completo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La volatilidad en los precios del gas natural representa uno de los mayores retos para empresas que dependen de este insumo, especialmente en sectores industriales, manufactureros y de generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica. Una estrategia de cobertura financiera permite estabilizar los costos energ\u00e9ticos y proteger el margen operativo frente a condiciones adversas del mercado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una cobertura financiera en gas natural?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una cobertura financiera es un contrato que busca asegurar un precio para el suministro futuro del gas, sin necesidad de recibir el producto f\u00edsicamente. Los instrumentos m\u00e1s comunes incluyen futuros, swaps y opciones. A diferencia de las coberturas f\u00edsicas, que implican entrega del gas, las coberturas financieras operan por liquidaci\u00f3n a diferenciales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, una empresa puede pactar hoy un swap a precio fijo para los meses invernales. Si en el futuro el precio de mercado sube, la empresa recibe la diferencia; si baja, paga la diferencia, pero su presupuesto permanece estable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 cubrir el precio del gas natural?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El gas natural presenta alta volatilidad debido a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Condiciones clim\u00e1ticas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cambios geopol\u00edticos<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inventarios y almacenamiento<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disrupciones en la infraestructura del transporte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demanda residencial, industrial o para generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Empresas que no cubren su exposici\u00f3n est\u00e1n sujetas a incrementos inesperados que pueden afectar severamente su competitividad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instrumentos de cobertura disponibles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Futuros (NYMEX\/CME):<\/strong> Contratos estandarizados que fijan el precio del gas a futuro.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Swaps OTC:<\/strong> Contratos bilaterales para intercambiar pagos fijos y variables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Opciones:<\/strong> Otorgan el derecho (no la obligaci\u00f3n) de comprar o vender gas a un precio pactado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada instrumento tiene ventajas seg\u00fan el perfil de consumo, el nivel de riesgo aceptable y la liquidez deseada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Casos reales y contexto mexicano<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante la tormenta invernal de febrero de 2021 en Texas, los precios en hubs como el Houston Ship Channel (HSC) y el Waha se dispararon a $400 y $206 USD\/MMBtu respectivamente, contra niveles normales alrededor de $3 USD en los d\u00edas previos. Las empresas sin cobertura enfrentaron p\u00e9rdidas multimillonarias. Por ejemplo, CFE estuvo involucrada en <a href=\"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/cfe-vs-goldman-sachs\/\">una disputa mayor inicialmente reclamada en $400 millones USD por Goldman Sachs<\/a> y finalmente acordada en $300 millones USD en enero de 2025, derivada de un desajuste entre el \u00edndice diario y el mensual en el contrato de suministro de gas subyacente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desde 2003, la CRE ha promovido esquemas de cobertura para usuarios menores, permitiendo la contrataci\u00f3n de instrumentos financieros para estabilizar tarifas reguladas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adem\u00e1s, un estudio publicado por <a href=\"https:\/\/www.remef.org.mx\/index.php\/remef\/article\/view\/25920\">REMEF<\/a>muestra que las coberturas con futuros permiten eficiencias cuando se aplican con horizontes de 20 a 40 d\u00edas, basados en modelos MGARCH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rangos hist\u00f3ricos y proyecciones para 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las siguientes gr\u00e1ficas muestran la evoluci\u00f3n de los precios en tres hubs clave de gas natural para M\u00e9xico y EE. UU.: Henry Hub, Houston Ship Channel y Waha. Se observa una mayor volatilidad en los precios del WAHA, con valores negativos en periodos de exceso de oferta. La cobertura permite a las empresas reducir el riesgo ante este tipo de comportamientos extremos del mercado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gr\u00e1fica 1: Rango de precios <a href=\"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/henry-hub-gas-natural\/\">Henry Hub<\/a> (2020\u20132025)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=800%2C438&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Historical and projected price range of Henry Hub natural gas from 2020 to 2025, showing volatility bands and average market levels.\" class=\"wp-image-8036\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1024%2C560&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=300%2C164&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=768%2C420&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1536%2C840&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=2048%2C1120&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1200%2C656&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.20.53%E2%80%AFp.m.png?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em>Fuente: InHedge Research, Natural Gas Intelligence<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gr\u00e1fica 2: Rango de precios <a href=\"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/indice-houston-ship-channel-gas-natural\/\">Houston Ship Channel <\/a>(2020\u20132025)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=800%2C438&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Houston Ship Channel natural gas price range between 2020 and 2025, highlighting seasonal price spikes and expected 2025 levels.\" class=\"wp-image-8037\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1024%2C561&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=300%2C164&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=768%2C421&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1536%2C841&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=2048%2C1122&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1200%2C657&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.20%E2%80%AFp.m.png?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em>Fuente: InHedge Research, Natural Gas Intelligence<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gr\u00e1fica 3: Rango de precios <a href=\"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/indice-waha-gas-natural\/\">Waha<\/a> (2020\u20132025)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=800%2C437&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Waha hub natural gas prices from 2020 to 2025, illustrating negative price episodes and wide volatility margins.\" class=\"wp-image-8038\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1024%2C559&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=300%2C164&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=768%2C419&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1536%2C838&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=2048%2C1118&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?resize=1200%2C655&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-26-at-12.21.44%E2%80%AFp.m.png?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em>Fuente: InHedge Research, Natural Gas Intelligence<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dise\u00f1ar una estrategia efectiva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cuantifica tu exposici\u00f3n:<\/strong> Volumen mensual, estacionalidad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Define objetivos:<\/strong> Proteger el margen, planificar presupuestos, evitar disrupciones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Elige instrumento y horizonte:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Swaps si buscas simplicidad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Futuros si requieres liquidez.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opciones si prefieres flexibilidad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tabla como ejemplo:<\/strong><br>Supongamos que una empresa consume 10,000 MMBtu al mes. Su presupuesto est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para un precio de $7.00 por MMBtu. Evaluamos dos escenarios con y sin cobertura, considerando que el precio de mercado sube a $9.00:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Estrategia aplicada<\/th><th>Precio mercado<\/th><th>Precio fijado<\/th><th>Diferencia cubierta<\/th><th>Costo final por MMBtu<\/th><th>Comentario<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sin cobertura<\/td><td>$9.00<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>$9.00<\/td><td>El precio subi\u00f3 y la empresa paga m\u00e1s del previsto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Con cobertura (swap)<\/td><td>$9.00<\/td><td>$7.00<\/td><td>$2.00<\/td><td>$7.00<\/td><td>Se compensa la diferencia y se mantiene el presupuesto<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Servicios de InHedge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En InHedge ofrecemos una gesti\u00f3n integral de coberturas energ\u00e9ticas, dise\u00f1ada para transformar la volatilidad en estabilidad financiera:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>An\u00e1lisis de exposici\u00f3n y estrategia<\/strong><br>Realizamos un diagn\u00f3stico completo de tu perfil de riesgo (consumo, presupuestos, exposici\u00f3n a hubs como Henry\u202fHub, HSC y Waha) y dise\u00f1amos una estrategia de hedging a la medida, ya sea con futuros, swaps u opciones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ejecuci\u00f3n en mercados regulados y OTC<\/strong><br>Facilitamos el acceso a mercados de futuros (NYMEX\/CME) y transacciones OTC, conect\u00e1ndote con contrapartes globales y financieras reguladas que garantizan condiciones competitivas y transparencia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monitoreo de posiciones abiertas<\/strong><br>Administramos activamente las posiciones, generamos reportes semanales personalizados y hacemos ajustes seg\u00fan evoluci\u00f3n de precios y cambios en tu operaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capacitaci\u00f3n especializada<\/strong><br>Brindamos entrenamientos customizados para directores financieros, traders y equipos operativos, fortaleciendo su conocimiento en estructuras de derivados, gesti\u00f3n de riesgo y ejecuci\u00f3n de estrategias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfCon qui\u00e9n trabajamos?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nos especializamos en dise\u00f1ar coberturas para:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Generadores el\u00e9ctricos<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Comercializadoras y suministradores<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consumidores industriales<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preguntas frecuentes sobre coberturas de gas natural<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un swap de gas natural?<\/strong><br>Es un contrato financiero que intercambia un precio fijo por uno variable. Si el precio sube, el consumidor gana la diferencia; si baja, la paga. No hay entrega f\u00edsica de gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 diferencia hay entre futuros y swaps?<\/strong><br>Los futuros se negocian en bolsas como NYMEX y son estandarizados. Los swaps se negocian de forma bilateral (OTC) y ofrecen mayor flexibilidad en condiciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00bfEs obligatorio tener entrega f\u00edsica en las coberturas?<\/strong><br>No. Las coberturas financieras se liquidan por diferencias econ\u00f3micas, lo que facilita su uso sin modificar contratos de suministro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo s\u00e9 cu\u00e1nta cobertura necesito?<\/strong><br>Se recomienda analizar el consumo hist\u00f3rico, los picos estacionales y definir el nivel de exposici\u00f3n que deseas proteger (porcentaje o volumen).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00bfSe puede cubrir con precios de hubs espec\u00edficos?<\/strong><br>S\u00ed. Puedes estructurar coberturas indexadas al <a href=\"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/indices-gas-natural-mexico\/\">Henry Hub, HSC, Waha,<\/a> u otros seg\u00fan tu contrato de suministro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La cobertura financiera en gas natural no elimina el riesgo, pero permite gestionarlo con metodolog\u00eda y anticipaci\u00f3n. En un mercado tan vol\u00e1til, cubrirse es una decisi\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evita la volatilidad del gas natural con coberturas financieras. Aprende a usar swaps y futuros para proteger tu empresa en M\u00e9xico.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8048,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Natural gas financial hedging in Mexico - InHedge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Financial hedging instruments for natural gas in Mexico including swaps, futures and options with practical structures for industrial buyers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/cobertura-financiera-gas-natural\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"inhedgewebsite\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cobertura financiera de gas natural en M\u00e9xico - 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