{"id":9794,"date":"2025-10-01T07:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T07:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/?p=9794"},"modified":"2025-09-30T22:32:37","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T22:32:37","slug":"coberturas-financieras-glosario","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/financial-hedging-glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glosario de terminolog\u00eda para  uso de coberturas financieras"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La gesti\u00f3n del riesgo financiero a menudo requiere una comprensi\u00f3n precisa de los conceptos e instrumentos involucrados. A continuaci\u00f3n, se presenta un glosario de los t\u00e9rminos m\u00e1s relevantes en el mundo de las <strong>coberturas financieras<\/strong>, explicados de manera clara y concisa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cobertura financiera<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es un mecanismo de administraci\u00f3n de riesgo, a trav\u00e9s de instrumentos financieros; como su nombre lo sugiere. Su finalidad es la de cubrir o mitigar alg\u00fan riesgo al que se est\u00e1 expuesto, normalmente a trav\u00e9s del uso de <strong>derivados financieros<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Riesgo<\/strong> (en el contexto de las coberturas financieras)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exposici\u00f3n ante el movimiento en el precio de alg\u00fan <strong>Commodities,<\/strong> o tipo de cambio, cuyo movimiento tiene un impacto directo en los resultados de la empresa, derivado de su operaci\u00f3n comercial o de sus insumos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cobertura natural<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Significa tener una exposici\u00f3n neutralizada, derivado de la manera en la que se realiza la operaci\u00f3n comercial (traslado de movimientos de precio) o bien de la <strong>referencia de precio<\/strong> que se utilice (si es la misma para compra y venta).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Referencia de precio<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hace referencia a un indicador global, el cual termina por ser un componente en los precios de compra y\/o venta de la empresa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Derivados<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son instrumentos\/contratos financieros cuyo valor deriva, o est\u00e1 ligado, a un <strong>activo subyacente<\/strong> (<strong>acci\u00f3n<\/strong>, <strong>bono<\/strong>, <strong>Commodities,<\/strong>, <strong>divisa<\/strong>, etc.) Los derivados permiten a los inversionistas ganar exposici\u00f3n ante dicho activo subyacente sin tener que adquirir el activo como tal, ya sea para temas de especulaci\u00f3n o de cobertura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Futuros<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instrumento financiero derivado, que conlleva una obligaci\u00f3n de compra o venta, de un <strong>activo subyacente<\/strong> , a un precio fijo en una fecha futura determinada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Activo subyacente<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es el bien, \u00edndice o valor financiero sobre el cual se basa un contrato derivado (como <strong>futuros<\/strong>, <strong>opciones<\/strong>, o <strong>swaps<\/strong>) y que determina su precio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mercado de futuros<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es una bolsa en donde se compran y venden contratos estandarizados a trav\u00e9s de instrumentos financieros. Su funcionamiento es similar a la de una bolsa de valores, con la diferencia de los instrumentos que cotizan en dicho mercado. Ejemplos de un mercado de futuros son el <strong>CME<\/strong>, <strong>ICE<\/strong>, y <strong>LME<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Liquidez<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el contexto de las coberturas financieras, la liquidez se refiere al acceso que se puede tener para interactuar con alg\u00fan instrumento, y qu\u00e9 tanta participaci\u00f3n se tiene con ese instrumento. Entre mayor acceso y m\u00e1s participantes, un activo es m\u00e1s l\u00edquido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agencia federal independiente de Estados Unidos encargada de regular los mercados de <strong>futuros<\/strong>, <strong>opciones<\/strong>, y <strong>swaps<\/strong> para garantizar su integridad, transparencia y reducir el riesgo de los participantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>National Futures Association (NFA)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organizaci\u00f3n autorregulatoria independiente en Estados Unidos que supervisa la conducta de los intermediarios y asesores en los mercados de <strong>derivados<\/strong> , asegurando el cumplimiento de normas \u00e9ticas y financieras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Swap dealers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instituciones financieras que negocian contratos de <strong>swap<\/strong> , actuando como contrapartes principales en estas operaciones de cobertura o especulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Retail foreign exchange dealers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Firmas registradas que ofrecen a inversionistas minoristas la posibilidad de negociar divisas en el mercado <strong>Forex<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Futures commission merchants (FCM)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Empresas autorizadas para aceptar \u00f3rdenes de compra o venta de <strong>futuros<\/strong> y <strong>opciones<\/strong>, y recibir dinero de los clientes para respaldar esas operaciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Clearing house<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1mara de compensaci\u00f3n que act\u00faa como intermediaria entre compradores y vendedores, garantizando el cumplimiento de las operaciones y reduciendo el riesgo de contraparte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Correlaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es una medida que indica qu\u00e9 tan relacionadas est\u00e1n dos variables; se mide a trav\u00e9s de un rango de -1 a 1, con -1 siendo que est\u00e1n negativamente correlacionados en un ratio de -1 (si activo A sube 1, activo B baja 1) y +1 siendo que est\u00e1n positivamente correlacionados (si activo A sube 1, activo B sube 1); la correlaci\u00f3n se toma en cuenta para hacer cross-hedging, as\u00ed como para evaluar medidas de volatilidad basado en movimientos de otros activos. <strong>Correlaci\u00f3n<\/strong> es muy importante para las coberturas y el an\u00e1lisis de volatilidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Basis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferencial de precio que se utiliza en distintos mercados o contextos financieros.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glosario claro sobre cobertura financiera. Aprende las definiciones de t\u00e9rminos importantes. Dise\u00f1ado para quienes gestionan riesgos relacionados con materias primas y divisas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[73,58,59,60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agribusiness","category-energy","category-fx","category-metals"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Financial hedging glossary - InHedge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Clear financial hedging glossary. 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Dise\u00f1ado para quienes gestionan riesgos relacionados con materias primas y divisas.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/es\/coberturas-financieras-glosario\/","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"inhedgewebsite","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/"},"author":{"name":"inhedgewebsite","@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/#\/schema\/person\/fc0d69fed6af4516f8e03e2e2340a654"},"headline":"Financial hedging glossary","datePublished":"2025-10-01T07:12:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/"},"wordCount":470,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hedging-glosario.png?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1","articleSection":["Agribusiness","Energy","FX","Metals"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/","url":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/","name":"Glosario de terminolog\u00eda para uso de coberturas financieras","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inhedge.mx\/financial-hedging-glossary\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/inhedge.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/hedging-glosario.png?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1","datePublished":"2025-10-01T07:12:00+00:00","description":"Glosario claro sobre cobertura financiera. 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